
Authored by JEFF GOLDSMITH
The hospital Merger Debate: A Closer Look
The discourse surrounding hospital mergers has become a focal point within the health policy sector. A recent analysis I reviewed posited that these mergers function as collusive practices that restrict trade,allowing hospitals to impose excessive charges on vulnerable local businesses and patients. This perspective has fueled calls—backed by substantial funding from Arnold Ventures—for implementing strict regulations on hospital pricing as a means to curb this perceived economic exploitation.
A Different Perspective on Market Dynamics
However, the actual situation appears to be more nuanced than this narrative suggests. The accompanying chart from Trilliant Health illustrates an intriguing trend regarding hospital operating margins in relation to market concentration for the year 2023. Notably, hospitals positioned at the extreme right of this chart command complete local market dominance.

Source: Trilliant Healthcare Analysis of CMS HCRIS files (Hospital Cost Reports), 2023
The Reality Behind Operating Margins
The data raises an critically important question about correlation—one that seems elusive upon closer examination.
An analysis by Trilliant reveals that, in 336 Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) where a single entity dominates hospital services, the average operating margin stands at -1.7%.This figure does not account for losses incurred through their affiliated physician practices, which are excluded from standard hospital cost reports; thus, it is indeed likely that overall financial deficits are even more pronounced.
